Tankers Built in U.S. Shipyards Since the MMA of 1970

The Nixon Administration's 1970 amendments to the Merchant Marine Act extended the construction subsidy program (CDS) to tankers and bulkers, but this only lasted until the mid-80s, when funding for new CDS contracts was eliminated by the Reagan Administration: in the 15 years that CDS was available, 20 crude carriers and 15 product carriers were built. The next big stimulus to tanker construction was the construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline: between 1970 and 1987, 35 crude carriers were built, almost all for the Alaskan trade, while 36 product carriers were built for coastal distribution. Then the Exxon Valdez accident of 1989 and the resulting Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) turned the market upside down, but the replacement rate was a long way short of one-for one. By the OPA 90 cut-off date for withdrawal of single-hull tankers (1-Jan-2015), the flow of crude oil from the Alaskan North Slope had been greatly reduced and only 11 double-hull crude carriers were required to replace the 35-ship single-hull fleet. and although the volume of refined products moving in domestic-trade did not change significantly, the tank-barge operators moved into double-hulls faster than the tanker operators, developing larger and faster ATB designs, with the result that only 25 double-hull product carriers were required to replace the 36-ship single-hull fleet. One other development had an impact on the tanker construction market, although only a small one: in 1994, the Clinton Administration extended Title XI to export sales, a move that resulted in only two contracts, covering only six ships, four of which were sold to a domestic operator before they were completed. Finally, it should be noted that the current turmoil in the domestic oil market has resulted - so far - in contracts for 14 product carriers to accommodate an anticipated increase in coastal trade.

Year Name Customer Builder O/N MA # MA Design GT DWT Price ($M) Notes
20 Crude Carriers Built with CDS for Foreign Trading
1975 Massachusetts Seatrain Lines Beth Sp. Point 4642 564344 276 T10-S-101b 145,000 265,000 71.9 Ocean Runner 1988, Astro Gamma (Greece) 1993, scrapped 2002
1976 New York Seatrain Lines Beth Sp. Point 4643 569583 277 T10-S-101b 145,000 265,000 71.9 Ocean Challenger 1988, Astro Alpha (Greece) 1993, scrapped 2003
1976 Maryland Seatrain Lines Beth Sp. Point 4644 574906 278 T10-S-101b 145,000 265,000 71.9 Ocean Wizard 1988, Astro Beta (Greece) 1993, scrapped 2002
1977 American Spirit ARCO Beth Sp. Point 4645 580245 303 T10-S-101b 130,000 265,000 81.5 Arco Spirit 1982, Polar Spirit 2000, scrapped 2002
1977 American Independence ARCO Beth Sp. Point 4646 586633 304 T10-S-101b 130,000 265,000 81.5 Arco Independence 1982, Polar Independence 2000, Pride Independence 2002, Kadriah I 2003, scrapped 2010
1976 Chestnut Hill Apex Marine NASSCO 388 553623 316 T6-S-93a 42,000 90,000 28.2 scrapped 1997
1977 Kittanning Apex Marine NASSCO 389 579572 317 T6-S-93a 42,000 90,000 28.2 scrapped 1997
1974 Golden Dolphin Apex Marine NASSCO 390 559936 286 T8-S-100b 44,900 91,849 27.9 exploded and sank 1982
1974 Golden Endeavor Apex Marine NASSCO 391 561433 287 T8-S-100b 44,900 91,849 27.9 scrapped 1995
1975 Golden Monarch Apex Marine NASSCO 392 566090 288 T8-S-100b 44,900 91,849 27.9 scrapped 2003
1976 Worth Apex Marine NASSCO 394 570876 299 T8-S-100b 42,000 90,000 28.2 Mercy (T-AH-19) 1986
1976 Beaver State Apex Marine NASSCO 395 572359 300 T8-S-100b 42,000 90,000 28.2 Liberty Belle 1988, scrapped 1995
1976 Rose City Apex Marine NASSCO 396 575056 301 T8-S-100b 42,000 90,000 28.2 Comfort (T-AH-20) 1987
1976 American Heritage Apex Marine NASSCO 397 577343 302 T8-S-100b 42,000 90,000 28.2 scrapped 1994
1979 UST Atlantic Interocean Mgmt. Newport News 613 601437 309 T11-S-116a 193,000 390,000 136.5 Marine Atlantic 1994, scrapped 2004
1979 UST Pacific Interocean Mgmt. Newport News 614 613131 310 T11-S-116a 193,000 390,000 136.5 Marine Pacific 1994, FSO Marine Pacific I
1973 Brooklyn Seatrain Lines Seatrain SB 100 553648 268 T10-S-92a 110,500 225,000 46.0 scrapped 1997
1975 Williamsburg Seatrain Lines Seatrain SB 101 560975 272 T10-S-92a 110,500 225,000 62.9 scrapped 1994
1977 Stuyvesant Seatrain Lines Seatrain SB 102 584459 273 T10-S-92a 117,300 225,000 62.9 scrapped 1992
1979 Bay Ridge Seatrain Lines Seatrain SB 103 600128 305 T10-S-92a 117,300 225,000 70.6 Prostor II 1997, FPSO Kuito, laid up 2014
15 Product/Chemical Carriers Built with CDS for Foreign Trading
1981 Oxy Trader/Oxy 4101 Occidental Petroleum Avondale Ind. 2323/4 631332/3 343 IB6-MT-130a 17,000 34,000 54.7 Tug: Julius Hammer, SMT Chemical Trader, Trader (Comoros). Barge: SMT Two, scrapped 2010
1981 Oxy Producer/Oxy 4102 Occidental Petroleum Avondale Ind. 2325/6 635250/1 344 IB6-MT-130a 17,000 34,000 54.7 Tug: Wrecked and lost. Barge: wrecked, used as forebody of Seabulk America, scrapped 2011
1981 Oxy Grower/Oxy 4103 Occidental Petroleum Avondale Ind. 2327/8 638765/6 345 IB6-MT-130a 17,000 34,000 54.7 Tug: Frances Hammer, SMT Chemical Explorer, scrapped 2010. Barge: SMT One, scrapped 2010
1983 Falcon Leader Falcon Tankers Bath Iron Works 404 658555 352 T6-M-136a 28,200 33,600 71 Sabine Eagle 1992, Seabrook 2005, scrapped 2007
1984 Falcon Champion Falcon Tankers Bath Iron Works 405 663105 353 T6-M-136a 28,200 40,000 71 Asphalt Commander 2003, scrapped 2008
1973 Coronado Apex Marine NASSCO 384 553623 269 T6-S-93a 22,357 39,237 18.2 Coastal Houston 1999, Houston 2002, Ousto 2003, scrapped
1974 Cherry Valley Apex Marine NASSCO 385 557503 270 T6-S-93a 22,357 39,237 18.2 scrapped 2003
1975 Chelsea Apex Marine NASSCO 386 564216 271 T6-S-93a 22,357 39,237 18.2 scrapped 2006
1975 Mormacstar Moore-McCormack NASSCO 402 569257 313 T6-S-93a 22,354 38,300 21 scrapped 2001
1976 Mormacsun Moore-McCormack NASSCO 403 573770 314 T6-S-93a 22,354 38,300 21 scrapped 2002
1977 Mormacsky Moore-McCormack NASSCO 404 578288 315 T6-S-93a 22,354 39,700 21 scrapped 2003
1976 Zapata Patriot Zapata Marine Todd San Pedro 104 557000 282 T6-M-98a 22,400 35,000 19.8 Patriot 1981, total loss 2002
1976 Zapata Ranger Zapata Marine Todd San Pedro 106 573810 283 T6-M-98a 22,400 35,000 19.8 Ranger 1981, Kathryn Sea 1996, W. S. Challenger 1998, scrapped 2003
1977 Zapata Courier Zapata Marine Todd San Pedro 107 577241 284 T6-M-98a 22,400 35,000 19.8 Courier 1981, scrapped 2004
1977 Zapata Rover Zapata Marine Todd San Pedro 108 578746 285 T6-M-98a 22,400 35,000 19.8 Rover 1981, scrapped 2003
35 Crude Carriers Built for Domestic Trading Before OPA90
1977 Atigun Pass Keystone Shipping Avondale Ind. 2295 586128 75,000 152,000 67 scrapped 2002
1978 Keystone Canyon Keystone Shipping Avondale Ind. 2296 586129 75,000 152,000 67 scrapped 2002
1978 Brooks Range Keystone Shipping Avondale Ind. 2297 586130 75,000 165,000 67 scrapped 2000
1978 Thompson Pass Keystone Shipping Avondale Ind. 2298 586131 75,000 165,000 67 scrapped 2000
1979 Esso North Slope Esso Avondale Ind. 2299 600477 75,000 176,000 67 scrapped 2003
1979 Esso Benicia Esso Avondale Ind. 2300 600478 75,000 176,000 67 scrapped 2003
1984 Exxon Baytown Exxon Avondale Ind. 2337 658495 32,200 60,000 100 S/R Baytown, scrapped 2011
1970 Overseas Alaska Overseas Shipholding Beth Sp. Point 4627 529795 34,440 62,005 15 scrapped 1998
1971 Overseas Arctic Overseas Shipholding Beth Sp. Point 4628 530877 34,440 62,005 15 scrapped 1998
1971 Sansinena II Union Oil Beth Sp. Point 4629 38,700 70,000 16 Cove Endeavor 1992, FPSO Endeavor 1996
1971 Arco Prudhoe Bay Arco Beth Sp. Point 4630 536496 38,700 70,000 16 Prudhoe Bay 2000, scrapped 2003
1972 Arco Sag River Arco Beth Sp. Point 4631 539313 38,700 70,000 16 Sag River 2000, scrapped 2003
1972 Chevron California Chevron Oil Beth Sp. Point 4632 541563 38,700 70,000 16 scrapped 1995
1973 Arco Anchorage Arco Beth Sp. Point 4634 548424 57,691 120,585 30 Ocean Venture 1997, scrapped 2002
1974 Arco Juneau Arco Beth Sp. Point 4635 556666 57,691 120,585 30 Juneau 1998, scrapped 2002
1974 Arco Fairbanks Arco Beth Sp. Point 4636 559400 57,691 120,585 30 Fairbanks 1999, scrapped 2002
1972 Chevron Mississippi Chevron Oil Beth Sp. Point 4637 542850 38,700 70,000 18 scrapped 2004
1973 Chevron Hawaii Chevron Oil Beth Sp. Point 4638 549197 39,665 70,000 18 Arco Texas 1981, Polar Texas 2000, scrapped 2004
1973 Overseas Juneau Overseas Shipholding Beth Sp. Point 4641 553137 57,701 120,500 34.6 scrapped 2002
1977 Overseas Chicago Overseas Shipholding NASSCO 398 583412 42,000 90,000 29.9 scrapped 2005
1977 Overseas Ohio Overseas Shipholding NASSCO 399 586647 42,000 90,000 29.9 S/R Hinchinbrook 2000, Keymar 2006
1977 Overseas New York Overseas Shipholding NASSCO 400 588001 42,000 90,000 29.9 scrapped 2005
1978 Overseas Washington Overseas Shipholding NASSCO 401 588955 42,000 90,000 29.9 scrapped 2005
1978 B.T. Alaska Marine Transport Lines NASSCO 405 590208 89,000 188,500 67 S/R Columbia Bay 2003, Ocean Pensador 2006, scrapped 2009
1978 B.T. San Diego Marine Transport Lines NASSCO 406 598680 89,000 188,500 67 Denali 1994, FPSO Lewek Emas 2006
1979 Arco Alaska ARCO NASSCO 408 614544 89,000 188,500 60 Polar Alaska 2000, FPSO Aker Smart 1 2006, FPSO Dhirubhai 1
1980 Arco California ARCO NASSCO 409 623291 89,000 188,500 60 Polar California 2000, FPSOAker Smart 2 2006
1982 Chesapeake Trader American Trading NASSCO 424 650468 28,000 55,000 65.7 S/R Galena Bay 2001, scrapped 2010
1982 Delaware Trader American Trading NASSCO 425 653547 28,000 55,000 65.7 Polar Trader 2000, scrapped 2012
1983 Potomac Trader American Trading NASSCO 426 655201 28,000 55,000 65.7 S/R Puget Sound 2001, scrapped 2011
1986 Exxon Valdez Exxon NASSCO 438 692966 110,831 209,000 125 Exxon Mediterranean 1990, S/R Mediterranean 1993, Mediterranean 2005, Dong Fang Ocean 2009, Oriental Nicety 2010, scrapped 2012
1987 Exxon Long Beach Exxon NASSCO 439 692967 110,831 209,000 125 S/R Long Beach 1991, scrapped 2012
1975 Prince William Sound Keystone Shipping Sun Ship 667 570108 60,100 124,000 70 scrapped 2010
1978 Tonsina Keystone Shipping Sun Ship 668 533270 60,400 123,000 70 S/R Kodiak 2005, Kodiak 2009, scrapped
1979 Kenai Keystone Shipping Sun Ship 669 535357 60,400 123,000 70 S/R Sierra 2005, Sierra 2009, scrapped
36 Product/Chemical Carriers Built for Domestic Trading Before OPA90
1981 Ogden Dynachem Ogden Marine Avondale Ind. 2318 638899 25,000 51,250 50 later OMI Dynachem, HMI Dynachem, d/hulled, Seabulk Trader
1981 Ogden Hudson Ogden Marine Avondale Ind. 2319 642151 25,000 51,250 50 later OMI Hudson, HMI Petrochem, d/hulled, Seabulk Challenge
1983 Exxon Charleston Exxon Avondale Ind. 2335 658493 26,000 41,650 100 later S/R Charleston, Charleston, scrapped 2016
1984 Exxon Wilmington Exxon Avondale Ind. 2336 658494 26,000 41,650 100 later S/R Wilmington, scrapped 2011
1974 Sealift Mediterranean Sea Marine Transport Lines Bath Iron Works 360 15,979 27,700 16 San Marco 1995, scrapped 1999
1974 Sealift Atlantic Ocean Marine Transport Lines Bath Iron Works 361 15,979 27,700 16 Mavra 1995, scrapped 2000
1975 Sealift Caribbean Sea Marine Transport Lines Bath Iron Works 362 15,979 27,700 16 ______ 1995, scrapped 2000
1975 Sealift Arctic Ocean Marine Transport Lines Bath Iron Works 363 15,979 27,700 16 Vandou 1995, scrapped 2000
1975 Sealift Antarctic Ocean Marine Transport Lines Bath Iron Works 364 15,979 27,700 16 Renata II 1995, scrapped 2000
1971 Puerto Rican Keystone Shipping Beth Sp. Point 4633 535000 20,815 34,684 12 exploded and sank 1984
1975 Chevron Oregon Chevron Oil FMC/Gunderson 1 584696 17,700 35,000 16.7 Diligence, Overseas Diligence, scrapped 2010
1976 Chevron Washington Chevron Oil FMC/Gunderson 2 570709 17,700 35,000 16.7 Washington Voyager, NLD
1976 Chevron Colorado Chevron Oil FMC/Gunderson 3 577358 17,700 35,000 16.7 Colorado Voyager, scrapped 2010
1977 Chevron Louisiana Chevron Oil FMC/Gunderson 5 566080 17,700 35,000 16.7 Integrity, Overseas Integrity, scrapped 2010
1977 Chevron Arizona Chevron Oil FMC/Gunderson 6 588320 17,700 35,000 16.7 Arizona Voyager, scrapped 2010
1970 Enco Sunshine State Humble Oil Gulfport SB 725/6 588443 12,500 27,500 12 Exxon Sunshine State 1973, Exxon Galveston 1978, S/R Galveston 1990, CM Spirit, scrapped 2010
1980 Gemini Ashland Oil Levingston SB 745 596154 6,700 10,100 12 Algosar (Canada) 2005
1981 Blue Ridge Union Oil NASSCO 415 633428 24,500 37,500 50 scrapped 2011
1981 Coast Range Union Oil NASSCO 416 638709 24,500 37,500 50 scrapped 2011
1981 Sierra Madre Union Oil NASSCO 417 641804 24,500 37,500 50 Keystone Texas 1997, scrapped 2009
1983 Hunter B. Armistead Ingram Tankers NASSCO 419 647470 24,500 37,500 50 Exxon Yorktown 1984, Overseas New Orleans 1989, scrapped 2011
1982 Eileen Ingram Ingram Tankers NASSCO 420 656742 24,500 37,500 50 Exxon Princeton 1984, Overseas Philadelphia 1989, scrapped 2010
1974 Saturn Ashland Oil SBA Shipyards 218 556139 3,900 6,500 later Centenario Trader
1976 Jupiter Ashland Oil SBA Shipyards 227 571820 5,100 8,000 wrecked and scrapped
1980 New York Sun Sun Oil Co. Sun Ship 676 628783 17,000 31,000 36 Allegiance 1997, scrapped 2007
1981 Philadelphia Sun Sun Oil Co. Sun Ship 677 638073 17,000 31,000 36 Perseverance 1997, scrapped 2007
1985 Gus W. Darnell Ocean Ships Tampa Shipyards 1121 684689 21,471 30,000 52 Houston 2005
1985 Paul Buck Ocean Ships Tampa Shipyards 1122 684688 21,471 30,000 52 to MSC-2003, to NDRF-2010
1986 Samuel L. Cobb Ocean Ships Tampa Shipyards 1123 684690 21,471 30,000 60 to MSC-2003
1986 Richard G. Matthiesen Ocean Ships Tampa Shipyards 1124 684691 21,471 30,000 60 to MSC-2003, to NDRF-2010
1986 Lawrence H. Gianella Ocean Ships Tampa Shipyards 1125 684692 21,471 30,000 60 to MSC-2003
1974 Sealift Pacific Ocean Marine Transport Lines Todd San Pedro 100 557000 16,236 25,000 16.6 Patty Ann 1995, scrapped 2003
1975 Sealift Arabian Sea Marine Transport Lines Todd San Pedro 101 557001 16,236 25,000 16.6 Sophil 1995, scrapped 2000
1975 Sealift China Sea Marine Transport Lines Todd San Pedro 102 557004 16,236 25,000 16.6 Sant Ambrogio 1995, scrapped 2000
1975 Sealift Indian Ocean Marine Transport Lines Todd San Pedro 103 557007 16,236 25,000 16.6 Santa Anna 1995, scrapped 2000
11 Crude Carriers Built Since Passage of OPA90
2001 Polar Endeavour ConocoPhillips Shipping Avondale Ind. 2497 1106807 82,545 140,000 166
2002 Polar Resolution ConocoPhillips Shipping Avondale Ind. 2498 1119822 82,545 140,000 166
2003 Polar Discovery ConocoPhillips Shipping Avondale Ind. 2499 1137026 82,545 140,000 164
2004 Polar Adventure ConocoPhillips Shipping Avondale Ind. 2500 1151753 82,545 140,000 196
2006 Polar Enterprise ConocoPhillips Shipping Avondale Ind. 2501 1172477 82,545 140,000 205
2004 Alaskan Frontier BP Oil Shipping Co. NASSCO 484 1154199 111,000 193,000 210
2005 Alaskan Explorer BP Oil Shipping Co. NASSCO 485 1163384 111,000 193,000 210
2005 Alaskan Adventurer BP Oil Shipping Co. NASSCO 486 1172490 111,000 193,000 210
2006 Alaskan Legend BP Oil Shipping Co. NASSCO 487 1184822 111,000 193,000 210
2014 Liberty Bay SeaRiver Maritime Aker Philadelphia 19 1248594 62,318 115,000 200 Washington 2018
2014 Eagle Bay SeaRiver Maritime Aker Philadelphia 20 1248595 62,318 115,000 200 California 2018
2 Product/Chemical Carriers Built for Export Sale under the MMA of 1994
1998 Amalienborg Dannebrog Rederi Alabama Shipyard 46 11,290 16,000 26 (Gibraltar)
1998 Aggersborg Dannebrog Rederi Alabama Shipyard 47 11,290 16,000 26 later Algosea (Canada)
39 Product/Chemical Carriers Built Since Passage of OPA90
2007 Overseas Houston Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 5 1190626 23,000 46,000 83
2007 Overseas Long Beach Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 6 1197822 23,000 46,000 83
2007 Overseas Los Angeles Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 7 1197824 23,000 46,000 83
2008 Overseas New York Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 8 1197823 23,000 46,000 83
2008 Overseas Texas City Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 9 1207236 23,000 46,000 83
2009 Overseas Boston Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 10 1207239 23,000 46,000 83
2009 Overseas Nikiski Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 11 1215187 23,000 46,000 83
2009 Overseas Cascade OSG America Aker Philadelphia 12 1223293 23,000 46,000 115
2010 Overseas Martinez Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 13 1225543 23,000 46,000 83
2010 Overseas Anacortes Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 14 1225533 23,000 46,000 83
2010 Overseas Chinook OSG America Aker Philadelphia 15 1226143 23,000 46,000 83
2011 Overseas Tampa Aker Am./OSG Am. Aker Philadelphia 16 1221232 23,000 46,000 83
2012 Pennsylvania Crowley Marine Aker Philadelphia 17 1239985 23,000 46,000 125
2013 Florida Crowley Marine Aker Philadelphia 18 1243025 23,000 46,000 125
2015 Ohio Crowley Marine Philly Shipyard 21 1255199 29,000 46,000 125
2016 Texas Crowley Marine Philly Shipyard 22 1255200 29,000 46,000 125
2016 Louisiana Crowley Marine Philly Shipyard 23 1255182 29,000 46,000 125
2016 Alaska Crowley Marine Philly Shipyard 24 1255198 29,000 46,000 125
2016 American Endurance Kinder Morgan Philly Shipyard 25 1266156 29,000 46,000 125
2017 American Freedom Kinder Morgan Philly Shipyard 26 1266796 29,000 46,000 125
2017 American Liberty Kinder Morgan Philly Shipyard 27 1266795 29,000 46,000 125
2017 American Pride Kinder Morgan Philly Shipyard 28 1266794 29,000 46,000 125
2009 Golden State Am. Petroleum Tankers NASSCO 501 1205805 25,000 49,000 111
2009 Pelican State Am. Petroleum Tankers NASSCO 502 1218103 25,000 49,000 111
2009 Sunshine State Am. Petroleum Tankers NASSCO 503 1222406 25,000 49,000 111
2010 Empire State Am. Petroleum Tankers NASSCO 504 1225143 25,000 49,000 111 as T-AOT-5193
2010 Evergreen State Am. Petroleum Tankers NASSCO 505 1229506 25,000 49,000 111 as T-AOT-5194
2015 Lone Star State Am. Pet. Transportation NASSCO 551 1260989 25,000 50,000 125
2016 Magnolia State Am. Pet. Transportation NASSCO 552 1260991 25,000 50,000 125
2016 Garden State Am. Pet. Transportation NASSCO 553 1260988 25,000 50,000 125
2016 Bay State Am. Pet. Transportation NASSCO 554 1260986 25,000 50,000 125
2017 Independence Sea-Vista LLC NASSCO 555 1259662 25,000 50,000 125
2017 Constitution Sea-Vista LLC NASSCO 556 1260100 25,000 50,000 125
2017 Liberty Sea-Vista LLC NASSCO 557 1260101 25,000 50,000 125 Texas Voyager 2017
2017 Palmetto State Am. Pet. Transportation NASSCO 558 1260990 25,000 50,000 125
1997 Despotico Eletson Maritime Newport News 647 1053997 24,000 46,100 38 American Progress 1997, S/R American Progress 2001, Oregon 2018
1998 Agathonissos Eletson Maritime Newport News 648 1072068 24,000 46,100 38 HMI Nantucket Shoals 1998, Seabulk Pride 2001, Florida Voyager 2010
1998 Dhokos Eletson Maritime Newport News 649 1072067 24,000 46,100 38 HMI Cape Lookout Shoals 1998, Seabulk Arctic 2001
1998 Makronissos Eletson Maritime Newport News 650 1072069 24,000 46,100 39 HMI Diamond Shoals 1998, Seabulk Mariner 2001, Mississippi Voyager 2007
1999 HMI Ambrose Channel Hvide Marine Newport News 651 1074965 24,000 45,300 49 Seabulk Energy 2001, Oregon Voyager 2010, Overseas Key West 2019
1999 HMI Brenton Reef Hvide Marine Newport News 652 1074964 24,000 45,300 49 Seabulk Marketer 2001, California Voyager 2008, Brenton Reef 2017

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